Mass Communication Theory - 2086 Words

Introduction Mass society theory is an idea that media has strong influence towards people, it plays a role of shaping people’s mind and perception of the social world and it is also to manipulate people’s action with delicate, subtle and effective ways (Baran and Davis 2006, p.43). Mass society theory has first introduced in the nineteenth century when there are disruptive consequences caused by modernization (Baran and Davis 2006, p.52). At that time, mass media considered as a cause of social problems (Baran and Davis 2006, p.52). That was the yellow journalism era for mass newspapers (Baran and Davis 2006, p.52). For instance, newspapers irresponsibly give out information, probably some sensational information which directly†¦show more content†¦In the case of blogging, when the image of the king and Islam is being damaged, some social problems might occur, for instance, when the king loses his credibility, the internal security might be affected, when the general public do not support the king, they will lose confident to the country. If there is somebody who in tend to break down the existing government, this will be a stepping stone for him/her. In the other hand, if bloggers still keep on publishing negative information about Islam, it might also cause social problems. When those unidentified information come to the eye of the general public who have no idea or who do not have detailed knowledge about Islam, they might start to discriminate Islam, discrimination is a very serious offence among races, in a multiracial country like Malaysia, if people from different races do not have mutual understanding, it is very difficult for them to live in the same community, people will start criticizing people from other races, they might start fighting with each other, all these can break down the harmony of a country. Smoking is hazardous to health, doctors, nurses and others in the health industry are plays an important role to help smokers to quit themselves from this bad habit (New Straits Times 2007, p.11). Even though the government is very aggressive in approaching the â€Å"Tak Nak† campaign, but yet Malaysians still maintainShow MoreRelatedMass Communication Theory Of George Gerbners Cultivation Theory731 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Gerbner’s *cultivation theory* a macro-level system theory that examines mass communication by studying institutions, message systems, and cultivation analysis (1967; 1970; Gerbner Gross, 1973; Gerbner et al., 1980; Potter, 2014). Theorized during the â€Å"Age of Television† (Shanahan Morgan, 2004), the theory has been applied to newspapers and other media formats, assuming that media institutions â€Å"cultivate facts, norms and values of society† (Gerbner, 1970; Gerbner Gross, 1976). SpecificallyRead MoreGoffman s Theory Of Se lf And Effective Medium For Mass Communication1437 Words   |  6 Pageswhich can have unlimited purposes. In 2000, 5.5 Million people were subscribed to â€Å"Geocities† (A page for providing tools to create personal homepages). 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This could be the combining of multiple products into one single product, but in the world of mass media there are two main communication and media processes; content and distribution. Our text, The Dynamics of Mass Communication, talks about what is called corporate convergence. Author Joseph Dominick says corporate convergence would involve media companies that were focused on providing content (movie. televisionRead MoreThe Expression Netiquette Is Important Because It Is The Professional Way Of Communication With The World1061 Words   |  5 Pagesstandard rules of conduct† (The Australian Pocket Oxford Dictionary, 1984). Netiquette means showing respectful behavior to users (Prezi, 2017 ANSWER: Netiquette is important because it is the professional way of communication with the world (Knowswhycom, 2017). Online communication is non-verbal, and then sometimes there is no possibility to listen to your voice (Referencecom, 2017. 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Interpersonal communication affects how individuals communicate with their parents, significant others, and immediate others, before expanding to othe r areas of life. Through communication, scholars have been able to predict an array of different reactions through calculated uses of surveys and questionnaires. The Expectancy Violations Theory (EVT) model defines violation expectedness â€Å"as the extent to which behavior varies from

Pollution Has Been A Growing Problem - 1531 Words

Pollution has been a growing problem since the rapid evolution of technology after the Industrial Revolution, which contaminated Earth with its byproducts of harmful chemicals and an ever growing pile of trash. From harmful chemicals in the air to plastic floating in the ocean, pollution has contaminated the very world we have been living in, slowly creating a bleak future for the new generations to come. I was a young child, unaware of the danger of just breathing the air and how dirty the world has become over the last few hundred years. Eventually, a life-threatening event changed that view forever and urged me to take a stance on the topic of pollution, changing my views and having a huge impact on my future. Before long, I had become an advocate of preventing the pollution of our wonderful home, Earth. When I was around 11 to 12 years old, I saw a pelican on the pier of Long Beach with its body tangled up in fishing lines, disabling it from flying and left helpless to nearly die. 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The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 9 Free Essays

â€Å"Trust me, we know the difficulties better than you. It is remarkable that you’ve managed to keep off the radar, so to speak, for this long. Tel me† – a hint of interest colored the monotone – â€Å"how are you doing it?† Our creator hesitated, and then spoke al in a rush. We will write a custom essay sample on The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 9 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Almost as if there had been some silent intimidation. â€Å"I haven’t made the decision,† she spit out. Then she added more slowly, unwil ingly, â€Å"To attack. I’ve never decided to do anything with them.† â€Å"Rough, but effective,† the cloaked girl said. â€Å"Unfortunately, your period of deliberation has come to a close. You must decide – now – what you wil do with your little army.† Both Diego’s and my eyes widened at that word. â€Å"Otherwise, it wil be our duty to punish you as the law demands. This reprieve, however short, troubles me. It is not our way. I suggest you give us what assurances you can†¦ quickly.† â€Å"We’l go at once!† Riley volunteered anxiously, and there was a sharp hiss. â€Å"We’l go as soon as possible,† our creator amended furiously. â€Å"There is much to do. I assume you wish us to succeed? Then I must have a little time to get them trained – instructed – fed!† There was a short pause. â€Å"Five days. We wil come for you then. And there is no rock you can hide under or speed at which you can flee that wil save you. If you have not made your attack by the time we come, you wil burn.† This was said with no menace other than an absolute certainty. â€Å"And if I have made my attack?† our creator asked, shaken. â€Å"We’l see,† the cloaked girl answered in a brighter tone than she’d used yet. â€Å"I suppose that al depends on how successful you are. Work hard to please us.† The last command was given in a flat, hard pitch that made me feel a strange chil in the center of my body. â€Å"Yes,† our creator snarled. â€Å"Yes,† Riley echoed in a whisper. A second later the cloaked vampires were noiselessly exiting the house. Neither Diego nor I so much as took a breath for five minutes after they’d disappeared. Inside the house, our creator and Riley were just as quiet. Another ten minutes passed in total stil ness. I touched Diego’s arm. This was our chance to get out of here. At the moment, I wasn’t so afraid of Riley anymore. I wanted to get as far away as I could from those dark-cloaks. I wanted the safety of numbers waiting back in the log cabin, and I figured that was exactly how our creator felt, too. Why she’d made so many of us in the first place. There were some things out there scarier than I’d imagined. Diego hesitated, stil listening, and a second later his patience was rewarded. â€Å"Wel ,† she whispered inside the house, â€Å"now they know.† Was she talking about the cloaks or the mysterious clan? Which one was the enemy she’d mentioned before the drama? â€Å"That doesn’t matter. We outnumber – â€Å" â€Å"Any warning matters!† she growled, cutting him off. â€Å"There is so much to do. Only five days!† She groaned. â€Å"No more messing around. You start tonight.† â€Å"I won’t fail you!† Riley promised. Crap. Diego and I moved at the same time, leaping from our perch into the next tree over, flying back the way we’d come. Riley was in a hurry now, and if he found Diego’s trail after al that had just passed with the cloaks, and no Diego there at the end of it†¦ â€Å"I’ve got to get back and be waiting,† Diego whispered to me as we raced. â€Å"Lucky it’s not in view of the house! Don’t want him to know I heard.† â€Å"We should talk to him together.† â€Å"Too late for that. He’d notice that your scent wasn’t on the trail. Looks suspicious.† â€Å"Diego†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He’d trapped me into sitting this one out. We were back to the spot where he’d joined me. He spoke in a rushed whisper. â€Å"Stick to the plan, Bree. I’l tel him what I planned to tel him. It’s not close to dawn, but that’s just how it has to be. If he doesn’t believe me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Diego shrugged. â€Å"He’s got bigger things to worry about than me having an overactive imagination. Maybe he’l be more likely to listen now – looks like we need al the help we can get, and being able to move around in the day can’t hurt.† â€Å"Diego†¦,† I repeated, not knowing what else to say. He looked into my eyes, and I waited for his lips to twitch into that easy smile, for him to make some joke about ninjas or BFFs. He didn’t. Instead, he leaned in slowly, never moving his eyes from mine, and kissed me. His smooth lips pressed against mine for one long second while we stared at each other. Then he leaned away and sighed. â€Å"Get home, hide behind Fred, and act clueless. I’l be right behind you.† â€Å"Be careful.† I grabbed his hand and squeezed it hard, then let go. Riley had spoken of Diego affectionately. I would have to hope that affection was real. There wasn’t another choice. Diego disappeared into the trees, quiet as a rustling breeze. I didn’t waste time looking after him. I sprinted through the branches in a direct line back to the house. I hoped my eyes were stil bright enough from last night’s meal to explain my absence. Just a quick hunt. Got lucky – found a lone hiker. Nothing out of the ordinary. The sound of the thudding music that greeted my approach was accompanied by the unmistakable sweet, smoky scent of a burning vampire. My panic went into overdrive. I could just as easily die inside the house as outside. But there was no other way. I didn’t slow, just rushed down the stairs straight to the corner where I could barely make out Freaky Fred standing. Looking for something to do? Tired of sitting? I had no idea what he was up to, and I didn’t care. I would stick tight to him until Riley and Diego got back. In the middle of the floor was a smoldering heap that was too big to be just a leg or an arm. So much for Riley’s twentytwo. No one seemed terribly concerned about the smoking remains. The sight was too common. As I hurried closer to Fred, for once the sense of disgust didn’t get stronger. Instead, it faded. He didn’t seem to notice me, just went on reading the book he held. One of those I’d left him a few days ago. I had no problem seeing what he was doing now that I was close to where he was leaning against the back of the couch. I hesitated, wondering why that was. Could he turn his nausea thing off when he wanted? Did that mean we both were unprotected right now? At least Raoul wasn’t home yet, thankful y, though Kevin was. For the first time ever, I real y saw what Fred looked like. He was tal, maybe six two, with the thick, curly blond hair I’d noticed once before. He was broad-shouldered and muscular. He looked older than most of the others – like a col ege student, not a high school kid. And – this was the part that surprised me most for some reason – he was good-looking. As handsome as anyone else, maybe even handsomer than most. I didn’t know why that was so trippy for me. I guessed just because I always associated him with revulsion. I felt weird for staring. I glanced quickly around the room to see if anyone had noticed that Fred was normal – and pretty – for the moment. No one was looking our way. I stole a fast peek at Kevin, ready to shift my focus at once if he noticed, but his eyes were concentrated on some point to the left of where we stood. He was frowning slightly. Before I could look away, his gaze skipped right over to me and settled on my right side. His frown deepened. Like†¦ he was trying to see me and couldn’t. I felt the corners of my mouth twitch into not quite a grin. There was too much to worry about to real y enjoy Kevin’s blindness. I looked back at Fred, wondering if the gross-out factor would return, only to see that he was smiling with me. Smiling, he was real y spectacular. Then the moment was over, and Fred went back to his book. I didn’t move for a while, waiting for something to happen. For Diego to come through the door. Or Riley with Diego. Or Raoul. Or for the nausea to hit again, or for Kevin to glare in my direction, or for the next fight to break out. Something. When nothing did, I eventual y pul ed myself together and did what I should have been doing – pretending nothing unusual was going on. I grabbed a book from the pile near Fred’s feet and then sat down right there and acted like I was reading. It was probably one of the same books I’d pretended to read yesterday, but it didn’t look familiar. I flipped through the pages, again taking nothing in. My mind was racing around in tight little circles. Where was Diego? How had Riley reacted to his story? What had it al meant – the talk before the cloaks, the talk after the cloaks? I worked through it, going backward, trying to assemble the pieces into a recognizable picture. The vampire world had some kind of police, and they were damn scary. This wild group of months-old vampires was supposed to be an army, and this army was somehow il egal. Our creator had an enemy. Strike that, two enemies. We were going to attack one of them in five days, or else the other ones, the scary cloaks, were going to attack her – or us, or both. We would be trained for this attack†¦ as soon as Riley got back. I snuck a glance at the door, then forced my eyes back to the page in front of me. And then the stuff before the visitors. She was worrying about some decision. She was pleased that she had so many vampires – so many soldiers. Riley was happy that Diego and I had survived†¦. He’d said he thought he’d lost two more to the sun, so that must mean he didn’t know how vampires really reacted to sunlight. What she’d said was strange, though. She’d asked if he was sure. Sure Diego had survived? Or†¦ sure that Diego’s story was true? The last thought frightened me. Did she already know that the sun didn’t hurt us? If she did know, then why had she lied to Riley and, through him, to us? Why would she want to keep us in the dark – literal y? Was it very important to her that we stay ignorant? Important enough to get Diego in trouble? I was working myself into a real panic, frozen solid. If I stil could sweat, I would have been sweating now. I had to refocus to turn the next page, to keep my eyes down. Was Riley deceived, or was he in on it, too? When Riley’d said he thought he’d lost two more to the sun, did he mean the sun literal y†¦ or the lie about the sun? If it was the second option, then to know the truth meant being lost. Panic scattered my thoughts. I tried to be rational and make sense of it. It was harder without Diego. Having someone to talk to, to interact with, sharpened my ability to concentrate. Without that, fear sucked at the edges of my thoughts, twisted with the always-present thirst. The lure of blood was constantly close to the surface. Even now, decently wel fed, I could feel the burn and the need. Think about her, think about Riley, I told myself. I had to understand why they would lie – if they were lying – so that I could try to figure out what it would mean to them that Diego knew their secret. If they hadn’t lied, if they’d just told us al that the day was as safe for us as the night, how would that change things? I imagined what it would be like if we didn’t have to be contained in a blacked-out basement al day, if the twenty-one of us – maybe fewer now, depending on how the hunting parties were getting along – were free to do what we wanted whenever we wanted to. We would want to hunt. That was a given. If we didn’t have to come back, if we didn’t have to hide†¦ wel, many of us wouldn’t come back very regularly. It was hard to focus on the return while the thirst was in charge. But Riley had dril ed so deeply into al of us the threat of burning, of a return of that hideous pain we’d al experienced once. That was the reason we could stop ourselves. Self-preservation, the only instinct stronger than thirst. So the threat kept us together. There were other hiding places, like Diego’s cave, but who else thought about that kind of thing? We had a place to go, a base, so we went to it. Clear heads were not a vampire specialty. Or, at least, they weren’t the specialty of young vampires. Riley was clearheaded. Diego was more clearheaded than I was. Those cloaked vampires were terrifyingly focused. I shuddered. So the routine wouldn’t control us forever. What would they do when we were older, clearer? It struck me that nobody was older than Riley. Everyone here was new. She needed a bunch of us now for this mystery enemy. But what about afterward? I had a strong feeling that I didn’t want to be around for that part. And I suddenly realized something stupendously obvious. It was the solution that had tickled the edges of my understanding before, when I was tracking the vampire herd to this place with Diego. I didn’t have to be around for that part. I didn’t have to be around for one more night. I was a statue again as I thought over this stunning idea. If Diego and I hadn’t known where the gang was most likely headed, would we ever have found them? Probably not. And that was a big group leaving a wide trail. What if it were a single vampire, one who could leap up onto the land, maybe into a tree, without leaving a trail at the edge of the water†¦. Just one, or maybe two vampires who could swim as far out to sea as they wanted†¦ Who could return to land anywhere†¦ Canada, California, Chile, China†¦ You would never be able to find those two vampires. They would be gone. Disappeared like they’d gone up in smoke. We didn’t have to come back the other night! We shouldn’t have! Why hadn’t I thought of it then? But†¦ would Diego have agreed? I was abruptly not so sure of myself. Was Diego more loyal to Riley after al ? Would he have felt it was his responsibility to stand by Riley? He’d known Riley a lot longer – he’d real y only known me a day. Was he closer to Riley than he was to me? I pondered that, frowning. Wel, I would find out as soon as we had a minute alone. And then maybe, if our secret club real y meant something, it wouldn’t matter what our creator had planned for us. We could disappear, and Riley would have to make do with nineteen vampires, or make some new ones quick. Either way, not our problem. I couldn’t wait to tel Diego my plan. My gut instinct was that he would feel the same. Hopeful y. Suddenly, I wondered if this was what had real y happened to Shel y and Steve and the other kids who had disappeared. I knew they hadn’t burned in the sun. Had Riley only claimed he’d seen their ashes as another way to keep the rest of us afraid and dependent on him? Returning home to him every dawn? Maybe Shel y and Steve had just set off on their own. No more Raoul. No enemies or armies threatening their immediate future. Maybe that’s what Riley had meant by lost to the sun. Runaways. In which case, he’d be happy that Diego hadn’t bailed, right? If only Diego and I had taken off! We could be free, too, like Shel y and Steve. No rules, no fear of the sunrise. Again, I imagined the whole horde of us on the loose without a curfew. I could see Diego and me moving like ninjas through the shade. But I could also see Raoul, Kevin, and the rest, sparkling disco-bal monsters in the center of a busy downtown street, the bodies piling up, the screaming, the helicopters whirring, the soft, helpless cops with their dinky little bul ets that wouldn’t make a dent, the cameras, the panic that would spread so fast as the pictures bounced swiftly around the globe. Vampires wouldn’t be a secret for very long. Even Raoul couldn’t kil people fast enough to keep the story from spreading. There was a chain of logic here, and I tried to grasp it before I could be distracted again. One, humans didn’t know about vampires. Two, Riley encouraged us to be inconspicuous, not to attract the notice of humans and educate them otherwise. Three, Diego and I had decided that al vampires must be fol owing that guideline, or else the world would know about us. Four, they must have a reason for doing so, and it wasn’t the little popguns of the human police that motivated them. Yeah, the reason must be pretty important to make al vampires hide al day long in stuffy basements. Maybe reason enough to make Riley and our creator lie to us, terrify us about the burning sun. Maybe it was a reason Riley would explain to Diego, and since it was so important and he was so responsible, Diego would promise to keep the secret and they would be cool with that. Sure they would. But what if what actual y happened to Shel y and Steve was that they’d discovered the shiny skin thing and not run? What if they’d gone to Riley? And, crap, there went the next step in my logical path. The chain dissolved and I started panicking about Diego again. As I stressed, I realized that I’d been thinking things through for a while. I could feel dawn coming on. No more than an hour away. So where was Diego? Where was Riley? As I thought this, the door opened and Raoul leaped down the stairs, laughing with his buddies. I hunched down, leaning closer to Fred. Raoul didn’t notice us. He looked at the crispyfried vampire in the center of the floor and laughed harder. His eyes were bril iant red. On the nights Raoul went hunting, he never came home til he had to. He would keep feeding as long as he could. So dawn must have been even closer than I’d thought. Riley must have demanded that Diego prove his words. That was the only explanation. And they were waiting for the dawn. Only†¦ that would mean that Riley didn’t know the truth, that our creator was lying to him, too. Or did it? My thoughts twisted up again. Kristie showed up minutes later with three of her gang. She reacted indifferently to the pile of ashes. I did a quick head count as two more hunters hurried through the door. Twenty vampires. Everyone was home except Diego and Riley. The sun would rise at any moment. The door at the top of the basement stairs creaked as someone opened it. I sprang to my feet. Riley entered. He shut the door behind him. He walked down the stairs. No one fol owed. How to cite The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 9, Essay examples

Investigating Art II Example For Students

Investigating Art II They believe the brain and the eye are different in pertaining to how an art piece could be developed. The brain might understand differently to what the eye actually see so in that, they seek to do the latter; using the eyes to paint to create the shifting time or atmosphere of their surrounding in the canvases. Thus, in a way, even Impressionism is counted as a form of description because it tries to make visible to the audience the moving of time in their painting. Contemporary art are unique forms of art which usually combines two different art forms together and make them work. This art, more often than not, holds more meaning than the other two and this definitely falls in place with the question. They first describe the possibility of two differences coming together as one harmonically and then describe, in their own art form to the audience what the art is all about. Lastly we have Abstract art. An art form often seen as mindless scribbles and splatters of paint in a chaotic fashion. On the contrary, they are what I would describe as an ‘organized mess’. One good example I could think of off the top of my head is the Abstract artist, Jackson Pollock. A famous artist whose works are usually blotches of paints with contrasting colors and little to none exact form in his wo rks. However, there is more to abstract art than meets the eye. Before Pollock start his paintings, he usually have himself drunk. Humans are at their most honest and vulnerable state when they’re drunk and Pollock might have had this thought in mind; to paint something, to express himself fully in his artwork – abstract expressionism. I would say it has almost the same effect to how automatism was used with Surrealists, where the artist was fully able to open up to their most inner thoughts and feelings and transfer them to art. Pollock does that same approach, although the technique is seemingly different. Pollock organized his paints in a way it describe his feelings. Anger, sadness, etc., all are translated into this abstract work of his. So even these three most controversial art movements has a way for it to describe themselves. In conclusion, art is definitely a form of description. It can be used to describe feelings, thoughts, the state of the world, questioning a situation and more. Any possible type of description from words to talking can also be used similarly in the form of pictures, paintings, sketches, sculptures, dances, to even music. From young, I’m sure we are taught in any art lesson as a final project, to create an artwork revolving around a theme, accompanied by a short artist statement. We are trained since our early days as a budding artist to describe and elaborate the given theme such we are able to explain them in a single art piece. We, as artist, might not have the power with words but the images we create can instantly describe our thoughts and feelings. Like the famous quote goes, â€Å"A picture speaks a thousand words.† Bibliography http://brushpaintandgo.yolasite.com/resources/image001.jpg – 16/10/2014, 6:05pm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism – 16/10/2014, 6:06pm http://a-painting-per-day.blogspot.sg/2010/01/number-8-by-jackson-pollock.html – 16/10/2014, 6:07pm http://theartstory.org/movement-impressionism.html – 15/10/2014, 9:00pm

Book report (Nothing like it in the world)

The story is about the construction of the transcontinental railroad. It talks about the risk -takers who financed the railroad, surveyors, those who protected the constructors, and managers of the construction of the railroad. Mainly, the book discusses the workers especially the Irish and Chinese, who assisted in the construction of the railroad along the United State.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Book report (Nothing like it in the world) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The workers underwent tough life during the building of the railroad. They lived under snow caves, which were not favourable for them. They lost lives in the caves especially during chaotic explosions and due to lack of food. People were prone to death since accidents like fire occurred frequently. As time went, technology was improving day by day and this was encouraging the establishment of railroads (Ambrose 20). Late at 1850s, tra ding was extremely difficult. This is because there was no way to carry items. People desired and encouraged the construction of railroads. They laid poor run on tracks which were highly risky to the cars that moved on them. The cars that were present during 1850s got extremely hot during the summer season and cold during winter. They also often caught fire. This made transportation a hard thing to take place. An engineer discussed the proposal on construction railroads with a politician-Lincoln or influenced the project. They both surveyed the route where to construct the railroads. During the construction, there were civil wars, which made it slow. This is among problems that risked lives of those who built and the engineers. The United States government had two companies-Union Pacific and the Central Pacific. In conclusion, the construction of railroads had a lot of problems as discussed in the book. Examples of those problems are hunger, adverse weather conditions, poor infrastr ucture, and death (Ambrose 85). Adverse weather conditions These conditions vary from one time to another. It is a problem that interrupted with the construction of the railroads during 1860s, and is also an expected problem in today’s constructions. Snow was a serious problem that made construction of railroads terribly hard. Climatical changes especially winter was the worst part of building of railways. This is because when workers dug tunnels, they could find them filled with snow the following day. Getting rid of it was the hardest task. Today, there are parts of the world that face this problem of snow during the winter season. They receive hails which affect transport seriously. Rain is a weather condition that affects construction of buildings and roads. When it rains during construction, workers are not able to go on with the building.Advertising Looking for book review on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Construction of roads becomes an ugly scene when it rains. This is because there are furrows dug and they are full of water. The water-filled furrows are extremely risky for human beings especially during the night. This problem affected the workers who helped in construction of railroads and to those involved in construction even in today’s world. Dry conditions are also a problem to constructors. Construction of buildings is the most affected area by sun. When workers leave buildings on construction under ultra hot sun, they end up having cracks which can lead to their break down. The work of re-building leads to excessive spending of money. This is a problem expected to be encountered in today’s constructions. Poor infrastructure Snow could cause movement exceedingly hard during winter since it covers the ground. During the 1860s, there were poor roads. The workers did not get access to raw materials for railroads construction on time. This could make it even hard for engineers to go on encouraging this project. This contributed to slow construction of railroads. Sometimes, the surveyors got routes to construct railroads which were extremely difficult to pass through. These places were very hard to take raw materials. Still, constructions taking place nowadays have poor infrastructures, and it is becoming a serious problem in construction. In remote areas, there is an expectation of this problem to face constructions since roads are exceptionally poor. They end up taking a lot of time to be completed. Also, the constructions end up stopping due to lack of raw materials. This can lead to a decline in the growth of the economy. Poor infrastructures can also lead to lack of development especially in remote areas and the places which encounter snow- caps. These problems continue facing us even now because of lack of enough money to use technology. They all do not support any growth of the economy. Technology is improving each and ev ery day that passes. The only unfortunate thing about it is that, it is terribly expensive to make use of it. To avoid these problems in today’s world, people should encourage authorities in their states, and countries look for money, and provide for buying transporters like tractors to reach places at different conditions (adverse or favourable). This would help to improve development in today’s societies. This will show the difference between today’s way of doing things and that of 1860s.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Book report (Nothing like it in the world) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Work Cited Ambrose, Stephen E. Nothing like it in the world: the men who built the transcontinental railroad, 1863-1869. New York: Simon Schuster, 2000. Print This book review on Book report (Nothing like it in the world) was written and submitted by user Juliana P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Crohns Disease essays

Crohn's Disease essays Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the normal name for diseases that cause inflammation in the intestines or bowels. Crohn's disease may also be called ileitis or regional enteritis. Crohn's disease may be mild, moderate, or severe. Most patients are able to lead full and productive lives when treated properly. If your Crohn's disease was difficult to diagnose, it was because its symptoms are similar to other intestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and to another type of IBD called ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis causes inflammation and ulcers in the inner layer of the lining of the large intestine, but Crohn's disease may cause inflammation in any part of the digestive tract. Most of the time though Crohn's disease involves the small and large intestines. There is no known cause to this disease. Crohn's disease seems to run in some families. About 20% of people with Crohn's disease have parents or siblings with some form of problem like it. Over 400,000 Americans have Crohn's disease. the cost of this disease was about $1.2 billion. The cost of lost work days for Crohn's disease patients has been estimated at almost a half-billion dollars a year. Crohn's disease is a deadly condition, and doctors are looking for better ways to control it. What happens basicly is that your intestinal walls form ulcers and they scar up and heal and scar up and heal...until they are so filled with scar tissue that there is no room for bowel to flow threw.so it all blows up and your intestine can snap if you will and you will have feces all inside you and die. The signs and symptoms to crohns disease are abdominal pain, cramping, Diarrhea, loss of appetite, rectal bleeding, weight loss, and a fever, as well as joint pain. It is very important that you see your doctor as soon as possible. For if you dont you may be subject to much worse events such as perferation and your intestine ...

OLPC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

OLPC - Essay Example The idea of OLPC came to his mind in a deprived village called Reaksmy in Cambodia (MARKOFF, 2005) which needed a 5-hour drive from the nearest city. The people there do not even have electricity, drinking water and the people are mostly very poor. Negroponte established a school there 8 years ago. He also placed a satellite dish to send and receive signals and generators as power supplies. Then they gave a laptop to each child. Immediately, school got a lot more popular and modern as a school in a developed country. Kids who had never had the idea of what a computer looks like before were now a part of the modern world. Nicholas Negroponte was really impressed since the children who did not even have a TV before, had a high speed internet connection now. Negroponte's idea was that children should not have any need for anyone to teach them how to use a computer. He had the idea of designing a laptop computer which they could experiment the way to use it on their own or with a little assistance from a friend. Negroponte says the idea of One Laptop Per-Child is complete... team of engineers and programmers to design and implement a personal computer which could be usable for a child in a Third World conditions, an advanced computer with many innovations. For example, it's the first laptop computer with can be used in open air and in full sunlight. Water may be dropped on the keyboard and it will not be damaged at all. Sand and dust cannot enter the system and this level of protection, keeps it safe for a long time. Recently the OLPC project is facing with a new challenge which is competition and there is a question regarding this goal, If Negroponte's idea is absolutely humanitarian and kids are proposed to be the only persons to benefit from it, why there are companies which want to do the same work Perhaps the large number of needed laptops for children is the reason. With such a big number of cheap laptops going to be distributed around the world, these companies will face with loss of revenue. Intel for example is a company which Negroponte believes is doing an effort to prevent him from achieving his goal for example by giving a laptop to every child in a school in Mexico (IWAP, 2007). But Intel describes this effort as a part of the goal of giving any child a laptop and giving them the access to the most affordable computers. These laptops are now just models and they are not in the process of mass production. It is estimated that at least 3 million laptops is needed to be needed to be produced (OLPC, 2007). Negroponte is sure about getting these orders, even with the increasing amount of competition as other companies are trying to produce cheap laptops. Even considering these competitions, it is believed that the OLPC program will finally result in more kids getting laptops. This is at the end, what Negroponte wanted the